Boron Family Reactions - Video Tutorials & Practice Problems
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Boron Family Reactions
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In this video, we're gonna take a look at the elements in group three, a otherwise known as the bond family elements. Now, here we're gonna say the reactions are driven by the presence of three valence electrons in their S MP sub shells. And the two reactions that we're gonna cover have to do with these group three elements or boron family elements reacting with either water or a halogen. If we take a look here, we already talked about groups one A and two A at this point. And now we're moving on to group three A in group three A, we are met with some great diversity in terms of the elements because not all the elements are the same. Ron itself represents a metalloid. Then we have a series of metals and below it. And then we have in group seven A, remember our radioactive role, which we don't really pay attention to because they're too unpredictable within this. We also have different types of bonding that is possible. Remember we have metallic bonding and we have covalent network bondings that are possible. All these are gonna play a role in how these elements react with either water or a halogen. So pay close attention and see the different types of reactions that are possible.
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Reaction with H2O
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Now, the group two A elements are not as reactive with water like group one A and two A. In fact, we're gonna say that the blonde family metals do not react with water, but they do react with steam. So water has to be in a more volatile energetic state for the metals to pay any attention to that to it. So if we take a look, we're going to say that we have our group three A metals represented by M here with thallium being outside of it. Remember here, group 78, we don't even worry about this because it's radioactive. Now, why is thallium different from the others? Well, we know that thallium is in group three A and the predominant charge tends to be plus three but not when it comes to thallium. Thallium actually prefers having a plus one charge or plus one oxidation state. This makes it react differently as well as other things that are outside the scope of this course, that cause it to react differently than the other group three A metals. Now, for the group three A metals, they react with gaseous water or steam, they're gonna produce the ion form of themselves. They're in group three A. So they're three plus, we're gonna produce hydroxide ion and H two gas balancing this out. We'd have a two here, a six here, a two, here, a six here and a three here. Again, balancing is not what's important here. What's important is that these elements in group three are less reactive with water. So you need to have it in its steam form. And then what's important is the charge of the majority of the group 38 elements being plus three as a product and us producing hydroxide ion and gaseous um hydrogen gas. Now, thallium reacts with water but a little bit differently. Remember, thallium, its predominant charge is plus one. It would also produce hydroxide ion in H two gas balancing this out, we'd get 2222 and one. So these would represent our different types of balance reaction when different metals from group three A react with steam.
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example
Boron Family Reactions Example
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Here, it says complete and balance the fallen reaction. Here, we have gallium liquid reacting with steam. Now, gallium has a very low melting point. If you were to take solid gallium and put it in your hand, it would actually melt in your hand. That's how low its melting point is. So it's typical for us to find it in its liquid form. Nevertheless, it's a group three, a metal and we know how it's going to react with water. Based on the example we've seen earlier, we know that it would produce the ionic form of gallium, which is gallium 33 plus it'd be aqueous. We know that we produce also hydroxide ion and we'd form hydrogen gas. We also know that our balance would be, once we did, everything would be 26263. Again, we're not really focusing on the balancing aspect. What's most important is that, you know, that gallium, a group three metal react with water would create the three plus ion form of that metal plus hydroxide ion and hydrogen gas as products. OK. So that's what's most important here.
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Reaction with Halogens
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When it comes to the reactor with halogens, we're gonna say the Bourne family metals react with halogens to produce ionic Halid solids. If we took a look here, we have in group three A, all our metals and then thallium is different. So it's separate. They are plus three in charge. And remember halogens are in group seven A. So they're minus one in charge. This helps us to predict a product that will form the three would come here and the one would come here. Our product will be MX three. We have to balance this out. We'd put a two here to give us six halogens on the product side. So we'd have to put a three here and a two here. Thallium. Remember thallium is different. Its preferred oxidation state is not plus three, but plus one. And then the halogens are still minus one, the numbers and the charges are the same. So they just combine together to give us TLX. Now, here we'd have to balance this out. We have two halogens on the reacting side but only one here. So we put a two here, which means I'd have to put a two here with thallium. And then we could put a one here for the diatomic halogen. This would represent our different reactions. When these boron family metals react with our diatomic halogens. In all the reactions, we're gonna produce an ionic hali solid.
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Boron Family Reactions Example
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Provide the products from the reaction between aluminum and chlorine. So in this reaction, we have aluminum solid reacting with gaseous chlorine. Remember that aluminum is in group three A. So it's three plus in its charge, chlorine is in group seven A. So it's minus one, the numbers and the charges are different and when that happens, they don't just cancel out. We're gonna crisscross them. The three comes here and the one comes here, that'll give me aluminum chloride as a product. We still need to balance this reaction. We have two chlorine here, but three chlorine here, the lowest common multiple is six. So I'll put a three here and a two here. Now we have two aluminums on the product side, but only one on the reactant side. So I'd have to put a two here. So this represents my balanced chemical reaction between aluminum and chlorine.
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