Electron Configurations of Transition Metals: Exceptions
24. Transition Metals and Coordination Compounds
Electron Configurations of Transition Metals: Exceptions - Video Tutorials & Practice Problems
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1
concept
Exceptions (I)
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In this video, we're gonna take a look at the first type of exceptions that exist for certain transition metals. Here, we're going to say starting from chromium. So chromium is right here as the atomic number, Z increases exceptions to electron configurations can be observed. So our memory tool here is that chromium has an atomic number of 24 and there are two and four. So we have these two elements that have this type of exception, exception one and then these four here. So to get the other column, remember to skip next four. All right. So here we're gonna say two. So we're starting on chromium and then we skip the next four. And then here goes our group of four. Now all of these elements have our shell number N and all of them have one electron in their S orbital. So this will be ns to the one. If we take a look here, we're gonna say an S orbital electron can be promoted to create half filled orbitals with D four and D nine elements. So if we were to look at the electron configurations of these, these would be D four initially and these would be D nine initially before the promotion of an electron from the S orbital. So for example, if we took a look at chromium, chromium has an atomic number of 24 we would think that its electron configuration is argon four S 2 3d 4. But again, since it's an exception, one type transition metal, one of the electrons from the S orbital would get promoted over two RD. So now its electron orbital diagram would look like one in the forest and five electrons in the 3d orbitals giving us a new electron configuration of argon for S 1 3d 5. So just remember when it comes to these elements, in particular, they fit under exception one, they are D four and D nine elements. But because of the promotion of an electron from the S orbital, we change the D fours into D five as we see here and D nines would become D tens. All right. So just remember these particular elements under this first type of exception.
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example
Electron Configurations Of Transition Metals: Exceptions Example
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Here it says, write the condensed electron configuration of the following ion. So here we have to do it for the silver ion. Its atomic number is 47 neutral silver. If we look at the periodic table would look like it's initially krypton five S 24 D nine. But remember it's one of the elements that exists under exception one, we would take an electron from an DS orbital and promote it to the D. So the real electron configuration of neutral silver would be krypton five S 14 D 10. So we're looking at this as the real electron configuration of neutral silver. Now plus one means we've lost one electron, which is gonna come from the highest shell number here. This one electron is in the fifth show and these 10 are in the fourth she, the one electron we need to lose would come from the fifth shell. So here it's electronic, it's condensed electron configuration would be krypton 4010. And the way it would look is it be krypton, our five is gone. Now, so that orbital would not be filled in these five would represent our four D orbitals and be up, up, up, up, up and then come back around, down, down, down, down, down. So here we have our condensed electron configuration and our electron orbital diagram.
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Problem
Problem
Provide a condensed electron configuration for Au atom and Au (III) ion.
A
Au: [Xe]6s24f145d9 Au3+: [Xe]6s24f145d6
B
Au: [Xe]6s24f145d10 Au3+: [Xe]4f145d9
C
Au: [Xe]6s14f145d10 Au3+: [Xe]4f145d8
D
Au: [Xe]6s14f145d10 Au3+: [Xe]6s14f145d7
4
concept
Exceptions (II)
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2m
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In this video, we take a look at exception type twos that we have. We're gonna say additional exceptions to the electron configuration are observed in period five or row five of the periodic table. And a memory tool to help us recall which one they are is 58, the number eight B. So we take a look here, we're dealing with five. So group five B and 88, so eight B. So we're looking at these four elements in particular. Now we're gonna say all are gonna have one electron in their five s orbital. But notice that palladium is in a different color. That's because palladium is different from the other three. So it has its own exception on top of the others. For palladium, we're gonna say palladium has zero electrons in its five S orbital. Now, if we take a look here, we're gonna say that for these elements, in particular, the five S orbital electron or electron is, are promoted to a four D orbital NB. Here is niobium, its atomic number is 41. Its initial electron configuration looks like it would be krypton five S 243. But again, it's one of the ones in blue and they must have one electron in their s orbital. So that would mean that we promote this electron to our D orbital. So the new electron configuration would actually be five S 14 D four, filling up our electron orbital diagram. We'd have one electron in the five S orbital. And then following hunts row, we'd have fill to put in our four electrons that are in our four D orbitals. So this would represent the real electron configuration of niobium. So just remember these are exceptions too for these particular transition metals.
5
example
Electron Configurations Of Transition Metals: Exceptions Example
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46s
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Here, it says provide a condensed electron configuration for Ruini atom. So atom means it's neutral form. If we look at the periodic table, it would look like Ruini is krypton five S 24 D six. But remember it's one of our exception twos in it, we can only have one electron in our s orbital. So one of these electrons gets promoted to our four D orbital. So the real electron configuration of ruin is krypton five S 14 D seven. This will be our final answer for the condensed electron configuration of this particular transition metal atom.
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Problem
Problem
Given the following electron configuration, determine the identity of ion with +2 charge.
A
Pd2+
B
Ru2+
C
Pb2+
D
Cd2+
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