Which of the following is one way that the model of an atom differs from a real atom?

• A. Models represent atoms as indivisible spheres, just like real atoms.
• B. Models accurately depict the exact size and scale of atomic particles.
• C. Models always include all subatomic particles found in real atoms.
• D. Models often show electrons as fixed paths, while in reality electrons exist in probabilistic orbitals.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that atomic models are simplified representations designed to help visualize and explain atomic structure, but they do not capture every detail of a real atom.
2. Recognize that early atomic models, such as the Bohr model, depict electrons as moving in fixed, circular orbits around the nucleus, which is a simplification.
3. Know that in reality, electrons do not travel in fixed paths but exist in regions of probability called orbitals, where their exact position cannot be precisely determined.
4. Identify that models often omit or simplify certain features, such as the exact size, scale, or the presence of all subatomic particles, to make the concept easier to understand.
5. Conclude that one key difference is that models may show electrons in fixed paths, whereas real atoms have electrons in probabilistic orbitals, reflecting the quantum mechanical nature of electrons.