Which of the following best describes the difference between an ionic compound and a covalent compound?

• A. An ionic compound consists of positive and negative ions held together by electrostatic forces, while a covalent compound consists of atoms sharing electron pairs.
• B. An ionic compound is formed only between nonmetals, while a covalent compound is formed only between metals.
• C. An ionic compound does not conduct electricity in water, while a covalent compound does.
• D. An ionic compound has low melting points, while a covalent compound has high melting points.

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the nature of ionic compounds: Ionic compounds are formed when atoms transfer electrons, resulting in positive and negative ions. These ions are held together by strong electrostatic forces called ionic bonds.
2. Understand the nature of covalent compounds: Covalent compounds are formed when atoms share pairs of electrons, creating covalent bonds. This sharing allows each atom to achieve a stable electron configuration.
3. Compare the bonding types: Ionic bonding involves attraction between charged ions, while covalent bonding involves sharing of electrons between atoms.
4. Consider the types of elements involved: Ionic compounds typically form between metals and nonmetals due to their tendency to lose or gain electrons, whereas covalent compounds usually form between nonmetals sharing electrons.
5. Evaluate the properties related to bonding: Ionic compounds generally have high melting points and conduct electricity when dissolved in water due to free ions, while covalent compounds have lower melting points and usually do not conduct electricity in water.