Why were the alpha particles deflected by the nucleus and not attracted to it in the Rutherford gold foil experiment?

• A. Because the nucleus is negatively charged and repels the alpha particles.
• B. Because the nucleus emits a magnetic field that deflects the alpha particles.
• C. Because the alpha particles are neutral and do not interact with the nucleus.
• D. Because both the alpha particles and the nucleus are positively charged, causing electrostatic repulsion.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Recall that alpha particles are helium nuclei, which means they carry a positive charge.
2. Understand that the nucleus of an atom is also positively charged due to the presence of protons.
3. Apply the concept of electrostatic forces: like charges repel each other, while opposite charges attract.
4. Recognize that since both the alpha particles and the nucleus have positive charges, they repel each other rather than attract.
5. Conclude that this electrostatic repulsion causes the deflection of alpha particles in the Rutherford gold foil experiment.