The process of filtration is driven mainly by which of the following?

• A. Diffusion of particles through the filter
• B. Evaporation of the solvent
• C. Chemical reaction between solute and solvent
• D. Gravity or applied pressure

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that filtration is a physical separation process used to separate solids from liquids or gases using a porous barrier called a filter.
2. Recognize that diffusion involves the movement of particles from high to low concentration, which is not the main driving force in filtration.
3. Note that evaporation of the solvent is a phase change process and does not drive filtration.
4. Acknowledge that chemical reactions between solute and solvent are not involved in the physical process of filtration.
5. Conclude that filtration is primarily driven by gravity or applied pressure, which forces the fluid through the filter medium, leaving solids behind.