Identify the group 5A element(s) that best fits each of the following descriptions.
(b) Forms stable salts containing M3+ ions

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the elements in Group 5A: These are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), and bismuth (Bi).
2. Understand the common oxidation states of Group 5A elements: Group 5A elements can exhibit various oxidation states, but +3 and +5 are the most common.
3. Consider the stability of the +3 oxidation state: As we move down the group, the stability of the +3 oxidation state generally increases due to the inert pair effect.
4. Analyze the tendency to form stable M3+ ions: Bismuth (Bi) is known to form stable Bi3+ ions in its compounds, which are commonly found in various salts.
5. Conclude that bismuth (Bi) is the element that best fits the description of forming stable salts containing M3+ ions.

Key Concepts

Group 5A Elements

Group 5A elements, also known as Group 15 in the periodic table, include nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth. These elements have five valence electrons and exhibit a range of oxidation states, which influence their chemical behavior and the types of compounds they can form.

Stability of M3+ Ions

The M3+ ion refers to a cation formed when a Group 5A element loses three electrons. The stability of these ions is crucial for the formation of stable salts. For example, aluminum (Al) from Group 3A can form stable Al3+ ions, while certain Group 5A elements can also form stable M3+ ions under specific conditions.

Formation of Salts

Salts are ionic compounds formed from the neutralization reaction between an acid and a base. In the context of M3+ ions, stable salts can be formed when these cations combine with anions, such as halides or sulfates. The stability of the resulting salt depends on the charge and size of the ions involved.