7. Gases

Mole Fraction

Mole Fraction -

How to Calculate Mole Fraction Examples, Explanation, Shortcut, Equation, Practice Problems

The apparatus shown consists of three temperature-jacketed 1.000-L bulbs connected by stopcocks. Bulb A contains a mixture of H2O1g2, CO21g2, and N21g2 at 25 °C and a total pressure of 564 mm Hg. Bulb B is empty and is held at a temperature of -70 °C. Bulb C is also empty and is held at a temperature of 190 °C. The stopcocks are closed, and the volume of the lines connecting the bulbs is zero. CO2 sublimes at -78 °C, and N2 boils at -196 °C.
<img src="https://lightcat-files.s3.amazonaws.com/problem_images/2673e3fdd6f54e4a-1669404097243.jpg" alt="" />
(a) The stopcock between A and B is opened, and the system is allowed to come to equilibrium. The pressure in A and B is now 219 mm Hg. What do bulbs A and B contain?

Mole Fraction Example 1

(a) What are the mole fractions of H2 in a
mixture of 15.08 g of O2, 8.17 g of N2, and 2.64 g of H2?

Fluorocarbons (compounds that contain both carbon
and fluorine) were, until recently, used as refrigerants.
The compounds listed in the following table are all gases
at 25 °C, and their solubilities in water at 25 °C and 1
atm fluorocarbon pressure are given as mass percentages.
(c) Infants born with severe respiratory problems are sometimes given liquid ventilation: They breathe a liquid that
can dissolve more oxygen than air can hold. One of these
liquids is a fluorinated compound, CF3(CF2)7Br. The solubility of oxygen in this liquid is 66 mL O2 per 100 mL liquid. In contrast, air is 21% oxygen by volume. Calculate the
moles of O
2 present in an infant’s lungs (volume: 15 mL)
if the infant takes a full breath of air compared to taking
a full “breath” of a saturated solution of O
2 in the fluorinated liquid. Assume a pressure of 1 atm in the lungs.
Fluorocarbon Solubility (mass %)
CF4 0.0015
CClF3 0.009
CCl2F2 0.028
CHClF2 0.30

How to Find the Mole Fraction of a Gas

The atmospheric concentration of CO2 gas is presently
407 ppm (parts per million, by volume; that is, 407 L of every
106 L of the atmosphere are CO2). What is the mole fraction
of CO2 in the atmosphere?

(a) What are the mole fractions of N2 in a
mixture of 15.08 g of O2, 8.17 g of N2, and 2.64 g of H2?

Mole Fraction Explained

ALEKS: Calculating mole fraction

A reaction vessel is composed of 20.3 g Cl2, 4.27 g N2 and 10.8 g Ne. Calculate the mole fraction of nitrogen.

A gaseous fuel mixture stored at 745 mmHg and 298 K contains
only methane (CH4) and propane (C3H8). When 11.7 L of this
fuel mixture is burned, it produces 769 kJ of heat. What is the
mole fraction of methane in the mixture? (Assume that the
water produced by the combustion is in the gaseous state.)

What is the mole fraction of oxygen gas in air (see Table 5.3)? What volume of air contains 10.0 g of oxygen gas at 273 K and 
1.00 atm?

Calculate the average molecular weight of air from the data
given in Table 10.1.

What is the mole fraction of each gas in the mixture described 
in Problem 10.83?

During a person’s typical breathing cycle, the CO2 concentration in the expired air rises to a peak of 4.6% by volume.
(a) Calculate the partial pressure of the CO2 in the expired
air at its peak, assuming 1 atm pressure and a body temperature of 37 °C.

The percent by volume of oxygen (20.95%) is constant throughout 
the troposphere. 
(a) Express this percentage as a mole fraction.

Determine the Mole Fraction in 1.00 L of 2.20 M NaCl

(a) What are the mole fractions of O2 in a
mixture of 15.08 g of O2, 8.17 g of N2, and 2.64 g of H2?

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Partial Pressure

Partial Pressure (PGas) is the pressure exerted by an individual gas within a container.

Velocity Distributions

Velocity Distributions represent probability distributions for a gas when examining their molar mass and temperature.

Mole Fraction (X) represents the mole component by total moles.&nbsp;

The Ideal Gas Law Derivations

The&nbsp;Ideal Gas Law Derivations are a convenient way to solve gas calculations involving 2 sets of the same variables.&nbsp;

Root Mean Square Speed

Root Mean Square Speed&nbsp;allows for the determination of the velocity of 1 type of gas molecule.

The Ideal Gas Law: Density

Under certain conditions of pressure and temperature, the Ideal Gas Law can determine the density&nbsp;of a gas.&nbsp;

Effusion

Effusion is the escaping of gas molecules or atoms through a pinhole.&nbsp;

Kinetic Energy of Gases

Kinetic Energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion.

Gas Stoichiometry

Gas Stoichiometry involves chemical reactions that contain gases.

The Ideal Gas Law

The Ideal Gas Law formula relates the behavior of gases under varying conditions of pressure, volume, moles and temperature.

Chemistry Gas Laws: Combined Gas Law

The Combined Gas Law&nbsp;is created from “combining” Boyle’s Law, Charles’ Law, and Gay–Lussac’s Law.

Pressure Units

Pressure is the force that is exerted within a given volume of space.&nbsp;

Kinetic Molecular Theory

A gas is seen as a collection of molecules or individual atoms that are in constant motion. The Kinetic-Molecular Theory tries to use data of real gases to predict how an ideal gas would behave if they existed.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Standard Temperature and Pressure

In order to accurately study the effect that changes in pressure, temperature and moles have on volume, chemists will often run their experiments under Standard Temperature and Pressure.&nbsp;

The Ideal Gas Law Applications

The Ideal Gas Law Applications establish both the direct and inverse relationships between the Ideal Gas Law variables.

Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution

The Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution is a probability distribution curve that describes the speed of a gas at a specific temperature.

Chemistry Gas Laws

Chemistry Gas Laws&nbsp;are laws that relate together the pressure, volume and temperature of a gas.

The Ideal Gas Law: Molar Mass

The Ideal Gas Law can be further extended to find the molar mass of a gas.&nbsp;

Van der Waals Equation

The&nbsp;Van der Waals Equation is used when dealing with real, non-ideal gases.&nbsp;

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