When an atom is exposed to an energy source such as electricity, which of the following occurs?

• A. Electrons absorb energy and may move to higher energy levels.
• B. Protons are ejected from the nucleus.
• C. The atom loses all of its electrons instantly.
• D. Neutrons combine to form new elements.

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the structure of an atom: it consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in defined energy levels or shells.
2. When an atom is exposed to an energy source like electricity, energy can be absorbed by the electrons, causing them to move from a lower energy level to a higher energy level. This process is called electronic excitation.
3. Recognize that protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus and are not typically affected by such energy sources in this context; they do not get ejected or combine under normal excitation conditions.
4. Note that the atom does not lose all its electrons instantly; ionization (loss of electrons) requires much higher energy and is a different process.
5. Therefore, the correct phenomenon is that electrons absorb energy and may move to higher energy levels, which explains the observed behavior when atoms are energized.