What is the primary purpose of using a Vigreux column in the distillation process in Experiment 2?

• A. To speed up the distillation by allowing higher temperatures
• B. To prevent the formation of azeotropes during distillation
• C. To increase the efficiency of separation by providing more surface area for repeated vaporization and condensation cycles
• D. To collect the distillate directly without the need for a condenser

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that a Vigreux column is a type of fractionating column used in distillation to improve separation efficiency.
2. Recognize that during distillation, vapor rises through the column and repeatedly condenses and vaporizes on the column's internal surfaces, which helps separate components based on their boiling points.
3. Note that the Vigreux column has indentations or protrusions that increase the surface area inside the column, promoting multiple vaporization-condensation cycles.
4. Realize that these repeated cycles allow for better separation of components with close boiling points by enriching the vapor in the more volatile component as it moves upward.
5. Conclude that the primary purpose of the Vigreux column is to increase the efficiency of separation by providing more surface area for repeated vaporization and condensation, not to speed up distillation or prevent azeotropes.