Which of the following best describes an unsaturated solution?

• A. A solution in which no more solute can dissolve and excess solute remains undissolved.
• B. A solution that contains less solute than the maximum amount that can dissolve at a given temperature.
• C. A solution that contains more solute than can normally dissolve at a given temperature.
• D. A solution in which the solute and solvent are immiscible.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the definition of saturation in solutions: A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature, with any excess solute remaining undissolved.
2. Recognize that an unsaturated solution contains less solute than the maximum amount that can dissolve at that temperature, meaning more solute can still dissolve if added.
3. Identify that a supersaturated solution contains more solute than normally possible at that temperature, which is unstable and can precipitate excess solute.
4. Note that immiscible solutions refer to mixtures where solute and solvent do not mix at all, such as oil and water, which is unrelated to saturation.
5. Conclude that the best description of an unsaturated solution is one that contains less solute than the maximum amount that can dissolve at a given temperature.