How many joules (J) are required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 °C?

• A. 10.0 J
• B. 1.00 J
• C. 0.418 J
• D. 4.18 J

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance is given by the formula \(q = m \times c \times \Delta T\), where \(q\) is the heat energy in joules, \(m\) is the mass in grams, \(c\) is the specific heat capacity in J/g°C, and \(\Delta T\) is the change in temperature in °C.
2. Identify the given values: the mass \(m\) is 1 gram, the temperature change \(\Delta T\) is 1 °C, and the substance is water, which has a known specific heat capacity \(c\).
3. Recall that the specific heat capacity of water is approximately \$4.18$ J/g°C, meaning it takes 4.18 joules to raise 1 gram of water by 1 °C.
4. Substitute the values into the formula: \(q = 1 \text{ g} \times 4.18 \text{ J/g°C} \times 1 \text{ °C}\).
5. Calculate \(q\) to find the amount of heat energy required, which corresponds to the specific heat capacity value for water.