Which of the following statements is true regarding the relationship between spontaneity and reaction rate?

• A. Non-spontaneous reactions proceed at a fast rate.
• B. There is no direct correlation between spontaneity and reaction rate.
• C. Spontaneous reactions proceed at a fast rate.
• D. Spontaneous reactions proceed at a slow rate.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of spontaneity: A spontaneous reaction is one that occurs naturally under certain conditions without needing external energy. It is determined by the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG). If ΔG is negative, the reaction is spontaneous.
2. Understand the concept of reaction rate: Reaction rate refers to the speed at which reactants are converted into products in a chemical reaction. It is influenced by factors such as temperature, concentration, surface area, and the presence of catalysts.
3. Recognize that spontaneity and reaction rate are independent: Spontaneity is thermodynamic in nature, while reaction rate is kinetic. A reaction can be spontaneous but slow, or non-spontaneous but fast, depending on the activation energy and other kinetic factors.
4. Evaluate the given statements: The statement 'There is no direct correlation between spontaneity and reaction rate' is true because spontaneity does not dictate the speed of a reaction.
5. Conclude that the correct answer is the statement indicating no direct correlation, as spontaneity and reaction rate are governed by different principles in chemistry.