All matter has thermal energy because atoms are constantly:

• A. losing electrons
• B. absorbing photons
• C. in motion
• D. forming chemical bonds

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that thermal energy is related to the kinetic energy of particles in matter, which depends on their motion.
2. Recall that atoms and molecules in any state of matter (solid, liquid, gas) are always moving, vibrating, or rotating, which contributes to thermal energy.
3. Recognize that losing electrons, absorbing photons, or forming chemical bonds are specific processes that do not universally explain the presence of thermal energy in all matter.
4. Identify that the constant motion of atoms and molecules is the fundamental reason why all matter possesses thermal energy.
5. Conclude that the correct answer is 'in motion' because thermal energy arises from the continuous movement of atoms and molecules.