Which subatomic particle's number determines the distinctive properties and identity of an element?

• A. Electrons
• B. Protons
• C. Neutrons
• D. Quarks

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Recall that an element is defined by its atomic number, which is the number of protons in the nucleus of its atoms.
2. Understand that protons carry a positive charge and their number uniquely identifies an element on the periodic table.
3. Recognize that electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus and influence chemical behavior but do not define the element's identity.
4. Know that neutrons are neutral particles in the nucleus that contribute to isotopes but do not change the element's identity.
5. Conclude that the number of protons determines the distinctive properties and identity of an element.