How is a covalent bond different from an ionic bond?

• A. A covalent bond is weaker than an ionic bond because it involves the sharing of protons.
• B. A covalent bond involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, while an ionic bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms.
• C. A covalent bond forms between metals, while an ionic bond forms between nonmetals.
• D. A covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms, while an ionic bond involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the basic definitions: A covalent bond is a type of chemical bond where two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons. An ionic bond, on the other hand, is formed when one atom transfers one or more electrons to another atom, resulting in the formation of ions.
2. Identify the key difference: In a covalent bond, electrons are shared between atoms, typically between nonmetals. In an ionic bond, electrons are transferred from one atom to another, usually between a metal and a nonmetal, leading to the formation of positively and negatively charged ions.
3. Consider the nature of the elements involved: Covalent bonds generally occur between nonmetal atoms, which have similar electronegativities, allowing them to share electrons. Ionic bonds typically form between metals and nonmetals, where the metal loses electrons to become a cation and the nonmetal gains electrons to become an anion.
4. Evaluate the strength and properties: Covalent bonds can vary in strength but are generally considered strong due to the shared electron pairs. Ionic bonds are also strong due to the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, but they can be disrupted in polar solvents like water.
5. Review the correct statement: The correct distinction is that a covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms, while an ionic bond involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, leading to the formation of ions.