Multiple Choice
When a sodium atom transfers an electron to a chlorine atom, what type of chemical bond is formed between them, and what is the primary purpose of this bond?
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11. Bonding & Molecular Structure
Chemical Bonds
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When forming all of the bonds in CH3COOH (acetic acid) from separated atoms, what does the value of q represent?
A
The number of moles of CH3COOH formed
B
The entropy change associated with the reaction
C
The total energy released during bond formation (equal to the negative of the enthalpy of formation)
D
The total energy required to break all bonds in CH3COOH
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that when atoms combine to form a molecule like CH3COOH, bonds are formed between the atoms, and energy is either released or absorbed in the process.
Recognize that the symbol \( q \) in thermodynamics typically represents heat exchanged during a process, which in the context of bond formation corresponds to the energy released or absorbed.
Recall that bond formation is an exothermic process, meaning energy is released as bonds form, so \( q \) represents the total energy released during the formation of all bonds in CH3COOH from separated atoms.
Note that this energy released (\( q \)) is equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to the enthalpy of formation (\( \Delta H_f \)) of the molecule, since enthalpy of formation is defined as the heat change when one mole of compound forms from its elements in their standard states.
Therefore, \( q \) does not represent the number of moles, entropy change, or energy required to break bonds, but specifically the total energy released during bond formation, which is the negative of the enthalpy of formation.
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