Which statement best describes why industry uses heterogeneous catalysts?

• A. They increase the equilibrium constant of the reaction.
• B. They are always more selective than homogeneous catalysts.
• C. They completely eliminate the need for energy input in reactions.
• D. They can be easily separated from the reaction mixture and reused.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the difference between heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts: heterogeneous catalysts exist in a different phase (usually solid) than the reactants, while homogeneous catalysts are in the same phase (usually liquid).
2. Recognize that catalysts do not change the equilibrium constant of a reaction; they only speed up the rate at which equilibrium is reached by lowering the activation energy.
3. Consider the practical aspects of industrial processes, where catalyst recovery and reuse are important for cost efficiency and sustainability.
4. Note that heterogeneous catalysts can be easily separated from the reaction mixture because they are in a different phase, typically solid, which allows for simple physical separation methods like filtration.
5. Conclude that the main industrial advantage of heterogeneous catalysts is their ease of separation and reuse, rather than changes in equilibrium, selectivity, or elimination of energy input.