Which term best describes a chemical reaction that absorbs energy from its surroundings?

• A. Exothermic
• B. Catalytic
• C. Endothermic
• D. Spontaneous

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the meaning of the terms related to chemical reactions: Exothermic, Catalytic, Endothermic, and Spontaneous.
2. Recall that an exothermic reaction releases energy (usually as heat) to its surroundings, causing the surroundings to warm up.
3. Recognize that an endothermic reaction absorbs energy from its surroundings, which means it requires energy input to proceed and often causes the surroundings to cool down.
4. Note that a catalytic reaction involves a catalyst that speeds up the reaction without being consumed, but it does not describe energy absorption or release.
5. Understand that a spontaneous reaction occurs naturally without external input, but spontaneity does not necessarily mean energy is absorbed or released; it depends on the reaction's thermodynamics.