Which of the following tools is essential for performing stoichiometric calculations in chemistry?

• A. Spectrophotometers
• B. pH indicators
• C. Distillation apparatus
• D. Balanced chemical equations

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that stoichiometric calculations involve quantifying the amounts of reactants and products in a chemical reaction.
2. Recognize that to perform stoichiometric calculations, you need a clear relationship between reactants and products, which is provided by a balanced chemical equation.
3. Recall that a balanced chemical equation shows the exact mole ratios of substances involved, which is essential for converting between moles of different substances.
4. Note that tools like spectrophotometers, pH indicators, and distillation apparatus are useful for other purposes (measuring concentration, acidity, or separating mixtures) but do not provide the quantitative mole relationships needed for stoichiometry.
5. Conclude that the essential tool for stoichiometric calculations is a balanced chemical equation because it allows you to apply mole ratios to solve quantitative problems.