Which statement best describes the difference between ionic and covalent bonding?

• A. Ionic bonding occurs only between nonmetals, while covalent bonding occurs only between metals.
• B. Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, while covalent bonding involves the sharing of electrons between atoms.
• C. Ionic bonding forms double bonds, while covalent bonding forms single bonds.
• D. Ionic bonding results in molecules, while covalent bonding results in crystal lattices.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the nature of ionic bonding: Ionic bonding occurs when electrons are transferred from one atom (usually a metal) to another atom (usually a nonmetal), resulting in the formation of positively and negatively charged ions that attract each other.
2. Understand the nature of covalent bonding: Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electrons between atoms (typically nonmetals) to achieve a full outer electron shell, forming molecules.
3. Compare the electron behavior in both bonds: Ionic bonding is characterized by electron transfer leading to ion formation, whereas covalent bonding is characterized by electron sharing between atoms.
4. Recognize the types of elements involved: Ionic bonds generally form between metals and nonmetals, while covalent bonds form between nonmetals.
5. Evaluate the given statements based on these principles to identify the correct description of the difference between ionic and covalent bonding.