During which changes of state do atoms overcome the attractive forces between them?

• A. Melting and vaporization
• B. Condensation and freezing
• C. Freezing and melting
• D. Sublimation and deposition

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that changes of state involve transitions between solid, liquid, and gas phases, which depend on the strength of attractive forces between atoms or molecules.
2. Identify that overcoming attractive forces means the particles gain enough energy to move apart from each other, increasing their distance and freedom of movement.
3. Recognize that melting (solid to liquid) and vaporization (liquid to gas) are processes where energy is absorbed, allowing atoms or molecules to overcome these forces.
4. Note that condensation (gas to liquid) and freezing (liquid to solid) involve the release of energy, where atoms or molecules come closer together and attractive forces become stronger.
5. Conclude that the correct changes of state where atoms overcome attractive forces are melting and vaporization, because these involve gaining energy to break intermolecular attractions.