When two atoms form a chemical bond, which of the following best describes what occurs?

• A. Their nuclei merge to form a single atom.
• B. They become radioactive isotopes.
• C. Their valence electrons are redistributed to achieve greater stability.
• D. They lose all of their electrons.

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that when two atoms form a chemical bond, the process involves interactions between their electrons, particularly the valence electrons, which are the outermost electrons involved in bonding.
2. Recognize that the nuclei of the atoms do not merge; each atom retains its own nucleus, so the first option is incorrect.
3. Know that forming a chemical bond does not cause atoms to become radioactive isotopes, as radioactivity involves changes in the nucleus, not electron interactions.
4. Realize that atoms do not lose all their electrons during bonding; instead, they share, gain, or lose valence electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration.
5. Therefore, the best description is that the valence electrons are redistributed between the atoms to achieve greater stability, often by filling or emptying their outer electron shells.