Which of the following was included in Dalton's atomic theory?

• A. Elements can be transformed into other elements by chemical reactions.
• B. All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties.
• C. Atoms can be created or destroyed in chemical reactions.
• D. Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Review Dalton's atomic theory, which was proposed in the early 19th century as a foundational model for understanding atoms and elements.
2. Recall that one of Dalton's key postulates is that all atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties, meaning atoms of the same element have the same characteristics.
3. Understand that Dalton's theory did not include the idea that elements can be transformed into other elements by chemical reactions; rather, he believed atoms are indivisible and cannot be changed into atoms of another element.
4. Note that Dalton's theory also stated atoms cannot be created or destroyed in chemical reactions, which aligns with the law of conservation of mass.
5. Recognize that Dalton's atomic theory did not include the internal structure of atoms (protons, neutrons, electrons), as these subatomic particles were discovered later.