Which of the following best describes the current model of the atom?

• A. Electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed circular paths, similar to planets around the sun.
• B. Electrons are embedded in a positively charged 'pudding' throughout the atom.
• C. Atoms are indivisible solid spheres with no internal structure.
• D. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons, and electrons occupy specific energy levels in a cloud around the nucleus.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that the current model of the atom is based on quantum mechanics, which describes electrons not as particles moving in fixed orbits, but as existing in regions of space called orbitals or energy levels.
2. Recall that the nucleus contains protons and neutrons, which are densely packed at the center of the atom, providing most of its mass.
3. Recognize that electrons do not orbit the nucleus like planets; instead, they occupy a 'cloud' of probable locations defined by their energy states.
4. Note that earlier models, such as the Bohr model (fixed circular orbits) or the plum pudding model (electrons embedded in positive charge), have been replaced by this quantum mechanical model.
5. Conclude that the best description of the current atomic model is: the nucleus contains protons and neutrons, and electrons occupy specific energy levels in a cloud around the nucleus.