Since atoms are mostly empty space, which of the following best explains why solid objects cannot pass through each other?

• A. The gravitational attraction between atoms holds objects together and prevents them from passing through each other.
• B. The nucleus of each atom occupies most of the volume, creating a physical barrier.
• C. The repulsion between the negatively charged electron clouds of atoms prevents objects from passing through each other.
• D. Atoms are tightly packed with no space between them, making objects impenetrable.

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that atoms consist mostly of empty space, with a small, dense nucleus and electrons occupying regions around it called electron clouds.
2. Recognize that when two solid objects come into contact, their atoms do not physically overlap because the electron clouds repel each other due to their negative charges.
3. Recall that this repulsion arises from the electrostatic force between negatively charged electrons, which prevents atoms from passing through one another.
4. Note that gravitational attraction between atoms is extremely weak compared to electromagnetic forces and does not play a significant role in preventing objects from passing through each other.
5. Conclude that the physical barrier is not due to the nucleus occupying most of the volume or atoms being tightly packed without space, but rather due to the repulsive forces between electron clouds.