Which statement best describes the motion of molecules in the gaseous state according to the kinetic molecular theory?

• A. Molecules vibrate in fixed positions and do not move past one another.
• B. Molecules move rapidly in random directions and frequently collide with each other and the container walls.
• C. Molecules move slowly and are strongly attracted to each other, forming a rigid structure.
• D. Molecules move in orderly patterns and rarely collide with the container walls.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Recall the key postulates of the kinetic molecular theory, which describes the behavior of gas molecules.
2. Understand that gas molecules are in constant, rapid, and random motion, moving in straight lines until they collide with either other molecules or the walls of their container.
3. Recognize that these collisions are elastic, meaning there is no net loss of kinetic energy during collisions.
4. Note that gas molecules are far apart compared to their size, so intermolecular forces are negligible, allowing free movement.
5. Compare each statement to these principles to identify that the correct description is: molecules move rapidly in random directions and frequently collide with each other and the container walls.