Which type of model best represents the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in simple molecules?

• A. Electron cloud diagram
• B. Lewis dot structure
• C. Ball-and-stick model
• D. Space-filling model

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the purpose of each model type in representing molecules. The Lewis dot structure shows valence electrons and bonding but is two-dimensional and does not represent 3D shape.
2. Step 2: The electron cloud diagram represents regions of electron probability but is more abstract and does not clearly show atomic positions or bonds in 3D.
3. Step 3: The ball-and-stick model uses spheres (balls) to represent atoms and sticks to represent bonds, clearly showing the three-dimensional arrangement and bond angles between atoms.
4. Step 4: The space-filling model shows atoms as overlapping spheres scaled to atomic radii, emphasizing volume and surface but sometimes obscuring bond angles and connectivity.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the ball-and-stick model best balances clarity of atomic positions, bond connectivity, and three-dimensional geometry, making it the best representation of the 3D arrangement of atoms in simple molecules.