Which of the following is the most significant factor in the formation of a covalent bond?

• A. The complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another
• B. The presence of metallic bonding in the atoms involved
• C. The attraction between oppositely charged ions
• D. The sharing of electron pairs between atoms

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that a covalent bond is formed when atoms share electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration, typically resembling that of noble gases.
2. Recognize that the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another leads to ionic bonding, not covalent bonding.
3. Note that metallic bonding involves a 'sea of electrons' shared among many atoms, which is different from the localized sharing in covalent bonds.
4. Identify that the attraction between oppositely charged ions describes ionic bonding, not covalent bonding.
5. Conclude that the most significant factor in the formation of a covalent bond is the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, which allows each atom to fill its valence shell.