Which process do nonmetals typically undergo to obey the octet rule?

• A. They gain electrons to achieve a full valence shell.
• B. They do not change their electron configuration.
• C. They share electrons with metals to form ionic bonds.
• D. They lose electrons to empty their valence shell.

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Recall the octet rule, which states that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a full valence shell of 8 electrons, similar to the electron configuration of noble gases.
2. Understand that nonmetals generally have more valence electrons (usually 4 to 7) and are closer to having a full octet compared to metals.
3. Recognize that nonmetals tend to gain electrons because gaining electrons allows them to complete their valence shell and reach a stable octet configuration.
4. Note that losing electrons is more common for metals, which have fewer valence electrons and tend to form positive ions, while nonmetals form negative ions by gaining electrons.
5. Conclude that the typical process for nonmetals to obey the octet rule is by gaining electrons to achieve a full valence shell.