Why do different types of atoms (elements) give off or absorb different spectral lines?

• A. Because the temperature of the atom determines the spectral lines emitted.
• B. Because atoms emit light only when they are in a solid state.
• C. Because each element has a unique arrangement of electrons and energy levels.
• D. Because all elements have the same energy levels but different numbers of neutrons.

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that spectral lines are produced when electrons in an atom move between different energy levels, either absorbing or emitting photons of specific energies.
2. Recognize that each element has a unique electronic structure, meaning the arrangement and energy of electrons around the nucleus differ from one element to another.
3. Recall that the energy difference between these levels determines the wavelength (or color) of the light absorbed or emitted, which creates a unique spectral fingerprint for each element.
4. Note that temperature can affect the intensity of spectral lines but does not change the fundamental energy levels or the unique pattern of spectral lines for each element.
5. Conclude that the reason different types of atoms give off or absorb different spectral lines is because each element has a unique set of energy levels due to its distinct electron arrangement.