Which fundamental force is primarily responsible for all chemical reactions?

• A. Gravitational force
• B. Strong nuclear force
• C. Weak nuclear force
• D. Electromagnetic force

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that chemical reactions involve the making and breaking of bonds between atoms, which are governed by interactions between charged particles (electrons and nuclei).
2. Recall the four fundamental forces in nature: gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear forces, each with distinct roles.
3. Recognize that the gravitational force is very weak at the atomic scale and does not significantly influence chemical bonding.
4. Know that the strong nuclear force acts within the nucleus to hold protons and neutrons together, and the weak nuclear force is involved in certain types of radioactive decay, neither directly affecting chemical reactions.
5. Identify that the electromagnetic force governs the attraction and repulsion between charged particles, thus controlling electron interactions and chemical bond formation, making it the primary force responsible for chemical reactions.