Which of the following correctly describes how to calculate the molarity of a solution?

• A. Multiply the mass of solute by the volume of solution in milliliters.
• B. Divide the number of moles of solute by the volume of solution in liters.
• C. Divide the volume of solution in liters by the number of moles of solute.
• D. Add the number of moles of solute to the volume of solution in liters.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that molarity (M) is a measure of concentration that expresses the number of moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution.
2. Identify the key quantities needed: the number of moles of solute (n) and the volume of the solution in liters (V).
3. Recall the formula for molarity: \(M = \frac{n}{V}\), where \(n\) is moles of solute and \(V\) is volume of solution in liters.
4. Note that volume must be in liters, so if given in milliliters, convert by dividing by 1000: \(V(\text{L}) = \frac{V(\text{mL})}{1000}\).
5. Apply the formula by dividing the number of moles of solute by the volume of the solution in liters to find the molarity.