12. Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond Theory

MO Theory: Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules

Molecular Orbital Diagrams Heteronuclear Diatomic HF

MO Theory: Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules Concept 1

Apply Molecular Orbital Theory to determine the MO orbital diagram for the CF+ ion.<img class="fr-dib"src="https://lightcat-files.s3.amazonaws.com/problem_images/00c854cd5aad45c0-1608581668415.jpg"style="width:300px;">

Molecular Orbital Theory and sp Orbital Mixing

(σ2s)2(σ*2s)2(π2p)4

(σ2s)2(σ*2s)2(π2p)4(σ2p)2(π*2p)4

(σ2s)2(σ*2s)2(π2p)2(σ2p)2

(σ2s)2(σ*2s)2(π2p)2(σ2p)1(π*2p)2(σ*2p)1

Using a MO diagram, write the electron configuration for the BN molecule?&nbsp;<img class="fr-dib"src="https://static.studychannel-prd.pearsonprd.tech/courses/general-chemistry/thumbnails/images/364031de"style="width:300px;">

Molecular Orbital Diagram for Nitric Oxide Heteronuclear molecule

MO Theory: Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules Example 1

Molecular Orbital Diagrams of Heteronuclear Diatomics

MO Diagram #3 - CN-

Carbon monoxide is produced by incomplete combustion of 
fossil fuels. 
(a) Give the electron configuration for the valence molecular 
orbitals of CO. The orbitals have the same energy 
order as those of the N2 molecule.

Cyclooctatetraene dianion, C8H8 
2-, is an organic ion with the 
structure shown. Considering only the p bonds and not the 
s bonds, cyclooctatetraene dianion can be described by 
the following energy diagrams of its p molecular orbitals: 
<img src="https://lightcat-files.s3.amazonaws.com/problem_images/e1ec4a60b8ddb4b8-1670535636855.jpg" alt="" /> 
(c) Complete the MO energy diagram by assigning the appropriate 
numbers of p electrons to the various molecular 
orbitals, indicating the electrons using up/down arrows 1c T2.

a) Using only the valence atomic orbitals of a hydrogen
atom and a fluorine atom, and following the model of
Figure 9.46, how many MOs would you expect for the HF
molecule? <img src="https://lightcat-files.s3.amazonaws.com/problem_images/9ddfe888634cf451-1661275668435.jpg" alt="" />

The iodine bromide molecule, IBr, is an interhalogen compound.
Assume that the molecular orbitals of IBr are analogous to
the homonuclear diatomic molecule F2. (a) Which valence
atomic orbitals of I and of Br are used to construct the MOs of IBr?

Determine the electron configurations for CN+, CN, and 
CN-. (b) Which species, if any, has unpaired electrons?

Molecular Orbital Theory Heteronuclear Diatomic (Cyanide, CN-) Example

Introduction to Molecular Orbital Theory

Carbon monoxide, CO, is isoelectronic to N2. (d) Would you expect
the p2p MOs of CO to have equal atomic orbital contributions
from the C and O atoms? If not, which atom would
have the greater contribution?

The iodine bromide molecule, IBr, is an interhalogen compound. 
Assume that the molecular orbitals of IBr are analogous to 
the homonuclear diatomic molecule F2. (c) One of 
the valence MOs of IBr is sketched here. Why are the atomic 
orbital contributions to this MO different in size? 
<img src="https://lightcat-files.s3.amazonaws.com/problem_images/1061864693109cf4-1664543480748.jpg" alt="" />

Learn the toughest concepts covered in Chemistry with step-by-step video tutorials and practice problems by world-class tutors

Jules

General Chemistry

https://static.studychannel-prd.pearsonprd.tech/courses/general-chemistry/thumbnails/general-chemistry

#FFFFFF

General College Chemistry

TAP into Chemistry

Jeff Bradbury

00π productions

Jules Bruno

Shawn Shields

Alicia Rae Welden

1. Intro to General Chemistry

2. Atoms & Elements

3. Chemical Reactions

4. BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures

5. BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions

6. Chemical Quantities & Aqueous Reactions

7. Gases

8. Thermochemistry

9. Quantum Mechanics

10. Periodic Properties of the Elements

11. Bonding & Molecular Structure

13. Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces

14. Solutions

15. Chemical Kinetics

16. Chemical Equilibrium

17. Acid and Base Equilibrium

18. Aqueous Equilibrium

19. Chemical Thermodynamics

20. Electrochemistry

21. Nuclear Chemistry

22. Organic Chemistry

23. Chemistry of the Nonmetals

24. Transition Metals and Coordination Compounds

[BOOK CHEM] Clutch Version

MO Theory: Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules

Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules are composed of 2 identical elements bonded together.

Equatorial and Axial Positions

Covalent compounds with 5 or 6&nbsp;electron groups have equatorial and axial positions for surrounding elements

Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules are composed of 2 different elements bonded together.

Bond Angles

Bond Angles&nbsp;result from surrounding elements and lone pairs around the central element positioning themselves at an optimal distance.&nbsp;

Molecular Orbital Theory

Molecular Orbital Theory&nbsp;allows us to predict the distribution of electrons within a molecule.&nbsp;

MO Theory: Bond Order

Molecular Orbital Diagrams can be used to determine the bond order of a molecule.

Electron Geometry

The simplest system for geometrical shapes that focuses on the number of electron groups around the central atom.

Hybridization

How would an&nbsp;s orbital combine with a p orbital to form a covalent bond? The answer is through hybridization where a hybrid&nbsp;oribital is formed.&nbsp;

Molecular Geometry

True Shape of Molecules that takes into account differences&nbsp;in repulsion between lone pairs and surrounding elements.

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory

Study the key concepts of Physics with descriptive videos, questions, and more

Physics

Patrick

General Biology

Jason

Financial Accounting

Brian

Dive deep into Psychology with videos, practice problems, and more.

Psychology

Microeconomics

The first in a two-course sequence introduces the basic structure and functions of the human body

Anatomy & Physiology

College Algebra covers algebraic topics and skills necessary to succeed in college-level math

College Algebra

Organic Chemistry

Johnny

Genetics

Kylia

GOB Chemistry

Microbiology

Cell Biology

Analytical Chemistry

Study topics incliding trogonometric functions, identities and equations, solutions of triangles, complex numbers, and other topics as time permits

Trigonometry

Learn the toughest concepts covered in Precalculus with step-by-step video tutorials and practice problems by world-class tutors

Precalculus

Biochemistry

Macroeconomics

Chemistry

Biology

Math

Business

Social Sciences

Michelle Barry Franco

Building Great Presentations

Eric Zackrison, PhD

Critical Thinking And Problem Solving

Sam Bennett

Embracing Times Of Uncertainty

Nicole Tetreault, PhD

Emotional Intelligence Basics

Eugene Choi, PharmD

Enhancing Your Critical Thinking Skills

Jason Richardson, PsyD

Habits To Win Every Day

Alyssa Lowery, PhD

Having Powerful Advanced Conversations

Don Gilman, EdD

How To Influence & Persuade

Amy Matthews

Leadership Skills For Rising Stars

Listening To Lead

Michael Shermer, PhD

Making Decisions Under Uncertainty

Lynne Hurdle

Mistakes To Avoid When Resolving Conflict

Michael Veltri

Overcoming Decision Making Traps

Mike Vardy

Prioritizing Effectively

Secrets Of Effective Prioritization

Strategies To Build Up Your Creativity

Tools For Decision Making

Tutti Taygerly

Unleash And Advance Your Creativity

Winning Collaboration: How To Work More Effectively With Different Personalities

Writing Emails People Want To Read

Critical Thinking

Self Management

Digital Literacy

Collaboration

Communication

Analytical Thinking

Leadership

Flexibility/Adaptability

Innovation

Eric Zackrison

Nicole Tetreault

Dive deep into Python with videos and more.

Introduction to Python

Arianne Dee

Agile Project and Product Management

Agile & Product Management

Mariya Breyther 

Introduction to Microsoft Power BI

Microsoft Power BI

Chris Sorensen

Data Analysis Fundamentals with Excel

Data Analysis - Excel

Chris Sorensen & Ammul Shergill

Getting Started with  and Cryptocurrency

Introduction to Blockchain

George Levy

Learn Enough HTML, CSS and Layout to be Dangerous

HTML, CSS & Layout

Lee Donahoe & Michael Hartl

Learn Enough JavaScript to be Dangerous: A Tutorial Introduction to Programming with JavaScript