Which of the following types of atomic bonds is generally considered the strongest?

• A. Van der Waals interaction
• B. Ionic bond
• C. Hydrogen bond
• D. Covalent bond

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the different types of atomic bonds and interactions: Van der Waals interactions, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and covalent bonds.
2. Recall that Van der Waals interactions are weak forces caused by temporary dipoles between molecules, generally the weakest among these options.
3. Recognize that hydrogen bonds are stronger than Van der Waals interactions but still weaker than ionic and covalent bonds; they occur when hydrogen is bonded to highly electronegative atoms like oxygen or nitrogen.
4. Know that ionic bonds form between oppositely charged ions due to electrostatic attraction and are generally strong but can be weakened in polar solvents like water.
5. Identify that covalent bonds involve the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, creating a strong and stable bond, which is typically stronger than ionic, hydrogen, and Van der Waals interactions.