Which of the following best describes the octet rule?

• A. Atoms with eight electrons in their outer shell are always unstable.
• B. Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve eight electrons in their valence shell.
• C. Atoms always have eight protons in their nucleus.
• D. Atoms form bonds only when they have eight neutrons.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that the octet rule is a chemical principle that explains how atoms achieve stability by having eight electrons in their valence (outermost) shell.
2. Recognize that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons through chemical bonds to complete their valence shell with eight electrons, which leads to a more stable electronic configuration.
3. Note that the octet rule does not relate to the number of protons or neutrons in the nucleus; it specifically concerns the arrangement of electrons in the outer shell.
4. Recall that atoms with a full valence shell of eight electrons are generally more stable, which is why they form bonds to reach this configuration.
5. Therefore, the best description of the octet rule is: 'Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve eight electrons in their valence shell.'