In which of the following types of bonding do atoms share one or more electrons?

• A. Hydrogen bonding
• B. Covalent bonding
• C. Metallic bonding
• D. Ionic bonding

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of covalent bonding: Covalent bonding occurs when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons. This type of bonding typically happens between nonmetal atoms.
2. Differentiate between covalent bonding and other types of bonding: In ionic bonding, electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of ions. In metallic bonding, electrons are delocalized and shared among a lattice of metal atoms, but not in pairs between specific atoms.
3. Recognize that hydrogen bonding is not a type of bonding where electrons are shared between atoms. Instead, it is a type of intermolecular force that occurs between molecules, involving a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom like oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine.
4. Identify the key characteristic of covalent bonds: The sharing of electron pairs between atoms leads to the formation of molecules with specific shapes and properties.
5. Apply this understanding to the problem: Among the given options, covalent bonding is the type where atoms share electrons, distinguishing it from ionic, metallic, and hydrogen bonding.