Which of the following forces can be classified as intramolecular?

• A. Hydrogen bonds
• B. London dispersion forces
• C. Dipole-dipole interactions
• D. Covalent bonds

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the difference between intramolecular and intermolecular forces: Intramolecular forces are the forces that hold atoms together within a molecule, such as covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and metallic bonds. Intermolecular forces are forces between molecules, such as hydrogen bonds, London dispersion forces, and dipole-dipole interactions.
2. Identify the nature of each force listed: Hydrogen bonds, London dispersion forces, and dipole-dipole interactions occur between molecules, so they are intermolecular forces.
3. Recognize that covalent bonds involve the sharing of electron pairs between atoms within a molecule, making them intramolecular forces.
4. Conclude that among the options given, only covalent bonds are intramolecular forces because they hold the atoms together inside a molecule.
5. Summarize that intramolecular forces are responsible for the chemical identity and structure of a molecule, while intermolecular forces influence physical properties like boiling and melting points.