What is the hybridization of the nitrogen atom in ammonia?

• A. sp
• B. sp²
• C. sp³
• D. sp³d
• E. sp³d²

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of hybridization: Hybridization is the process of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds in molecules.
2. Identify the molecular geometry of ammonia (NH₃): Ammonia has a trigonal pyramidal shape, which is derived from a tetrahedral electron geometry.
3. Determine the number of electron groups around the nitrogen atom: In ammonia, nitrogen is bonded to three hydrogen atoms and has one lone pair, making a total of four electron groups.
4. Relate the number of electron groups to hybridization: Four electron groups around the central atom correspond to sp³ hybridization, as sp³ hybridization involves one s orbital and three p orbitals.
5. Conclude the hybridization: Based on the tetrahedral electron geometry and four electron groups, the nitrogen atom in ammonia is sp³ hybridized.