14. Solutions

Boiling Point Elevation

Boiling point elevation and freezing point depression | Chemistry | Khan Academy

An ethylene glycol solution contains 25.2 g of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) in 99.5 mL of water. Determine the change in boiling point. Assume a density of 1.00 g/mL for water.

Colligative Properties - Boiling Point Elevation, Freezing Point Depression & Osmotic Pressure

A 100.0-mL aqueous sodium chloride solution is 13.5% NaCl by 
mass and has a density of 1.12 g>mL. What would you add (solute 
or solvent) and what mass of it to make the boiling point of 
the solution 104.4 °C? (Use i = 1.8 for NaCl.)

What is the boiling point of a 0.10 M solution of NaHSO4 if 
the solution has a density of 1.002 g>mL?

Carbon disulfide 1CS22 boils at 46.30 °C and has a density
of 1.261 g>mL. (a) When 0.250 mol of a nondissociating
solute is dissolved in 400.0 mL of CS2, the solution boils at
47.46 °C. What is the molal boiling-point-elevation constant for CS2?

Practice Problem: Colligative Properties

This number would the molal concentration of the solution Ca(NO3)2 if did not dissociate.

Correct, Ca(NO3)2 forms 3 moles of ions on dissociation.

This value would be the boiling point elevation if Ca(NO3)2 did not dissociate.

Use the boiling point elevation equation and the total molality of particles in the solution.

 Colligative properties, such as boiling point depend on the number of particles produced by the solute. 

Calculate &#916;Tb for a solution that is prepared by dissolving 2.50 g Ca(NO3)2 in 2.00 L of water. Assume that the density of water = 1.00 g/mL and that ;Kb for water is 0.512 &#176;C /m

Boiling Point Elevation Concept 1

Carbon dioxide is dissolved in 722 mL of benzene with a density of 1.59 g/mL. What mass of carbon dioxide would you add to make the boiling point of the solution 104.7°C?

Molality and Colligative Properties

13 - Solutions and Colligative Properties

A 1.2 m aqueous solution of an ionic compound with the formula
MX2 has a boiling point of 101.4 °C. Calculate the van’t
Hoff factor (i) for MX2 at this concentration.

Boiling Point Elevation Example 1

What is the molality of glucose in an aqueous solution if the boiling point of the solution is 103.15°C?

Adrenaline is the hormone that triggers the release of extra
glucose molecules in times of stress or emergency. A solution of 0.64 g of adrenaline in 36.0 g of CCl4 elevates the
boiling point by 0.49 °C. Calculate the approximate molar
mass of adrenaline from this data.

A solution prepared by dissolving 5.00 g of aspirin, C9H8O4, in 215 g of chloroform has a normal boiling point that is elevated by ΔT = 0.47 °C over that of pure chloro- form. What is the value of the molal boiling-point-elevation constant for chloroform?

Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation

Pure water boils at 100°C. What is the new boiling point of water after the addition of 13.12 g aluminum chloride, AlCl3, to 615 g water? &nbsp;

A solution of citric acid, C6H8O7, in 50.0 g of acetic acid has a boiling point elevation of ΔT = 1.76 °C. What is the 
molality of the solution if the molal boilin# g-point-elevation 
constant for acetic acid is Kb = 3.07 1°C kg2>mol.

The following phase diagram shows part of the liquid–vapor phase-transition boundaries for pure ether and a solution of a nonvolatile solute in ether. <img src="https://lightcat-files.s3.amazonaws.com/problem_images/479be825df9c9942-1672768368453.jpg" alt="" />
(b) What is the approximate mo#lal concentration of the sol-ute? [Kb for ether is 2.021°C kg2>mol.]

Boiling Point of the solvent will increase with the addition of a solute.

Learn the toughest concepts covered in Chemistry with step-by-step video tutorials and practice problems by world-class tutors

Jules

General Chemistry

https://static.studychannel.pearsonprd.tech/courses/general-chemistry/thumbnails/general-chemistry

#FFFFFF

Amanda Joy Holton

The Organic Chemistry Tutor

Jules Bruno

Professor Dave Explains

Khan Academy

Chad's Prep

1. Intro to General Chemistry

2. Atoms & Elements

3. Chemical Reactions

4. BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures

5. BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions

6. Chemical Quantities & Aqueous Reactions

7. Gases

8. Thermochemistry

9. Quantum Mechanics

10. Periodic Properties of the Elements

11. Bonding & Molecular Structure

12. Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond Theory

13. Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces

15. Chemical Kinetics

16. Chemical Equilibrium

17. Acid and Base Equilibrium

18. Aqueous Equilibrium

19. Chemical Thermodynamics

20. Electrochemistry

21. Nuclear Chemistry

22. Organic Chemistry

23. Chemistry of the Nonmetals

24. Transition Metals and Coordination Compounds

[BOOK CHEM] Clutch Version

Types of Aqueous Solutions

When an ionic solid dissolves, ions leave the solid and become dispersed in the solvent. Three possible aqueous solutions can be formed:saturated, unsaturated and supersaturated.

Boiling Point Elevation is the phenomenon when adding a solute to a pure solvent results in increased boiling point of the solvent.

Intro to Henry's Law

According to&nbsp;Henry's Law, at a constant temperature the amount of a gas dissolved in a solvent is directly proportional to its partial pressure when it is in equilibrium with its liquid phase.&nbsp;

Osmotic Pressure

Osmotic Pressure is the force that drives Osmosis from higher concentration to lower concentration.

Mole Fraction

Mole Fraction (X) relates the moles of solute and solvent within a solution.&nbsp;

The Colligative Properties

The&nbsp;Colligative Properties&nbsp;explain what happens to a pure solvent as it transitions to a solution.

Molality

Molality (m)&nbsp;represents the number of moles of solute dissolved per kilogram of solvent.&nbsp;

Freezing Point Depression

Freezing Point Depression is the phenomenon when adding a solute to a pure solvent results in decreased freezing point of the solvent.

Solutions: Solubility and Intermolecular Forces

Solutions are homogeneous mixtures that result from the dissolving of a solute by a solvent.

Vapor Pressure Lowering (Raoult's Law)

Vapor Pressure is the pressure exerted by a gas at equilibrium with its liquid phase at a specific temperature in a closed system.

Henry's Law Calculations

To calculate solubility of a dissolves gas, Henry's Law Constant and partial pressure are used.

Solutions: Mass Percent

Mass Percent represents grams of solute per grams of solution, multiplied by 100.

Osmosis

Osmosis is the net movement of solvent across a semipermeable membrane.

Parts per Million (ppm)

<div dir="auto"><div contenteditable="true"dir="auto"spellcheck="true">Parts per Million (ppm) and Parts per Billion (ppb) are used to express extremely dilute solution concentrations.</div></div>

Study the key concepts of Physics with descriptive videos, questions, and more

Physics

Patrick

General Biology

Jason

Financial Accounting

Brian

Dive deep into Psychology with videos, practice problems, and more.

Psychology

Microeconomics

The first in a two-course sequence introduces the basic structure and functions of the human body

Anatomy & Physiology

College Algebra covers algebraic topics and skills necessary to succeed in college-level math

College Algebra

Organic Chemistry

Johnny

Genetics

Kylia

GOB Chemistry

Microbiology

Cell Biology

Analytical Chemistry

Study topics incliding trogonometric functions, identities and equations, solutions of triangles, complex numbers, and other topics as time permits

Trigonometry

Learn the toughest concepts covered in Precalculus with step-by-step video tutorials and practice problems by world-class tutors

Precalculus

Biochemistry

Macroeconomics

Chemistry

Biology

Math

Business

Social Sciences

Michelle Barry Franco

Building Great Presentations

Eric Zackrison, PhD

Critical Thinking And Problem Solving

Sam Bennett

Embracing Times Of Uncertainty

Nicole Tetreault, PhD

Emotional Intelligence Basics

Eugene Choi, PharmD

Enhancing Your Critical Thinking Skills

Jason Richardson, PsyD

Habits To Win Every Day

Alyssa Lowery, PhD

Having Powerful Advanced Conversations

Don Gilman, EdD

How To Influence & Persuade

Amy Matthews

Leadership Skills For Rising Stars

Listening To Lead

Michael Shermer, PhD

Making Decisions Under Uncertainty

Lynne Hurdle

Mistakes To Avoid When Resolving Conflict

Michael Veltri

Overcoming Decision Making Traps

Mike Vardy

Prioritizing Effectively

Secrets Of Effective Prioritization

Strategies To Build Up Your Creativity

Tools For Decision Making

Tutti Taygerly

Unleash And Advance Your Creativity

Winning Collaboration: How To Work More Effectively With Different Personalities

Writing Emails People Want To Read

Critical Thinking

Self Management

Digital Literacy

Collaboration

Communication

Analytical Thinking

Leadership

Flexibility/Adaptability

Innovation

Eric Zackrison

Nicole Tetreault

Dive deep into Python with videos and more.

Introduction to Python

Arianne Dee

Agile Project and Product Management

Agile & Product Management

Mariya Breyther 

Introduction to Microsoft Power BI

Microsoft Power BI

Chris Sorensen

Data Analysis Fundamentals with Excel

Data Analysis - Excel

Chris Sorensen & Ammul Shergill

Getting Started with  and Cryptocurrency

Introduction to Blockchain

George Levy

Learn Enough HTML, CSS and Layout to be Dangerous

HTML, CSS & Layout

Lee Donahoe & Michael Hartl

Learn Enough JavaScript to be Dangerous: A Tutorial Introduction to Programming with JavaScript