Under varying conditions of pressure and temperature, most substances can exist in 3 states of matter. So we're talking about solids, liquids, or gases. Now we're going to say these forms of matter have an effect on physical properties which deal with physical appearance or state. Now with these states of matter, we have 2 terms you should familiarize yourself with. We have compressibility and viscosity. Compressibility is the capacity to flatten or reduce in size by increasing pressure. So something that's incredibly compressible can have its size decreased. Usually that is associated with gas molecules. Gas molecules spread themselves out as far as possible within a container. I can apply outward pressure on this and squeeze the gas molecules closer together. Now, viscosity. Viscosity is the resistance to flow or to change in shape. Something that is highly viscous moves very slowly, because it has a high resistance to flow. Think of honey versus water. Water can flow very easily in its liquid form. It has a low viscosity. There's not that much resistance to its flow. Honey, on the other hand, moves much more slowly, so it is more viscous. So just remember, the higher the viscosity, the higher the resistance to flow, the slower the substance will move.
- 1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
- What is Chemistry?5m
- The Scientific Method10m
- Classification of Matter16m
- States of Matter8m
- Physical & Chemical Changes19m
- Chemical Properties8m
- Physical Properties5m
- Intensive vs. Extensive Properties13m
- Temperature (Simplified)9m
- Scientific Notation13m
- SI Units (Simplified)5m
- Metric Prefixes24m
- Significant Figures (Simplified)11m
- Significant Figures: Precision in Measurements7m
- Significant Figures: In Calculations19m
- Conversion Factors (Simplified)15m
- Dimensional Analysis24m
- Density12m
- Specific Gravity9m
- Density of Geometric Objects19m
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- 2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
- The Atom (Simplified)9m
- Subatomic Particles (Simplified)12m
- Isotopes17m
- Ions (Simplified)22m
- Atomic Mass (Simplified)17m
- Atomic Mass (Conceptual)12m
- Periodic Table: Element Symbols6m
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- Periodic Table: Phases (Simplified)8m
- Law of Definite Proportions9m
- Atomic Theory9m
- Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment9m
- Wavelength and Frequency (Simplified)5m
- Electromagnetic Spectrum (Simplified)11m
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- Electronic Structure4m
- Electronic Structure: Shells5m
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- The Electron Configuration (Simplified)22m
- Electron Arrangements5m
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- Ions and the Octet Rule9m
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- Lewis Dot Symbols (Simplified)7m
- Periodic Trend: Metallic Character4m
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- 3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
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- 4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
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- 5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
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- Types of Chemical Reactions12m
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- 6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 37m
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- Spontaneous Reaction10m
- Entropy (Simplified)9m
- Gibbs Free Energy (Simplified)18m
- 8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
- Pressure Units6m
- Kinetic Molecular Theory14m
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- Chemistry Gas Laws16m
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- Solubility: Temperature Effect8m
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- 10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
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- Acid-Base Equivalents14m
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- Gas Evolution Equations (Simplified)6m
- Ionic Salts (Simplified)23m
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- 11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
- BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
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- 12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
- 13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
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- 18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
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- 20. Carbohydrates1h 46m
- Intro to Carbohydrates4m
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- Cyclic Structures of Monosaccharides11m
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- Glycosidic Linkage14m
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- 21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
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- 23. Lipids2h 26m
- Intro to Lipids6m
- Fatty Acids25m
- Physical Properties of Fatty Acids6m
- Waxes4m
- Triacylglycerols12m
- Triacylglycerol Reactions: Hydrogenation8m
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- Glycerophospholipids15m
- Sphingomyelins13m
- Steroids15m
- Cell Membranes7m
- Membrane Transport10m
- 24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
- 25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
- 26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 55m
- Intro to Nucleic Acids4m
- Nitrogenous Bases16m
- Nucleoside and Nucleotide Formation9m
- Naming Nucleosides and Nucleotides13m
- Phosphodiester Bond Formation7m
- Primary Structure of Nucleic Acids11m
- Base Pairing10m
- DNA Double Helix6m
- Intro to DNA Replication20m
- Steps of DNA Replication11m
- Types of RNA10m
- Overview of Protein Synthesis4m
- Transcription: mRNA Synthesis9m
- Processing of pre-mRNA5m
- The Genetic Code7m
- Introduction to Translation7m
- Translation: Protein Synthesis18m
States of Matter - Online Tutor, Practice Problems & Exam Prep
Substances exist in three states of matter: solids, liquids, and gases, each with distinct physical properties. Gases are highly compressible and assume both the volume and shape of their containers. Liquids take the shape of their containers but have a moderate compressibility. Solids maintain both shape and volume, exhibiting low compressibility. Viscosity, the resistance to flow, varies among states: gases have low viscosity, liquids have moderate viscosity, and solids have high viscosity, indicating their movement characteristics. Understanding these properties is essential for grasping the behavior of matter under different conditions.
The 3 States of Matter include gases, liquids and solids.
Analyzing the States of Matter
States of Matter Concept 1
Video transcript
States of Matter Concept 2
Video transcript
So here when we take a look at the 3 states of matter, we first look at gases. Gases themselves can assume both the volume and shape of their containers. Liquids, on the other hand, can assume the shape, but not necessarily the volume of their container. Let's say your volume is a 100 ml beaker, and you only have 10 ml of your liquid. You could put all that liquid within that beaker, but there just isn't enough of it to fill up the whole beaker. There's only 10 ml of it. Solids, they maintain both their shape and their volume. When it comes to gases, gases are highly compressible, so they have a high compressibility. That means that I can put them in a container, apply pressure to that container, and cause those gas molecules to come closer and closer together. That's what we mean by highly compressible. Your molecules are far enough apart that I can apply outside pressure and bring them closer together. Here, liquids, the molecules are not right next to each other as tightly. They're moving around freely. Because of this, we're going to say that they have a moderate compressibility. I could squeeze them closer together but not by much. For solids, solids are locked in place, with each other. Here, they have a low compressibility. I can't squeeze the atoms any closer together. Next, viscosity. Viscosity, remember, is our resistance to flow; something that is viscous moves very slowly. Gases move around and jump around pretty easily inside of a container. Because of this, we'll say gases have a low viscosity. Liquids like water, water kind of moves pretty quickly but not all liquids are like water. Because of this, we're going to say liquids have more of a moderate viscosity. Solids, you take a solid you like, your calculator put on the table. It's not going to move pretty easily. You have to apply force to it to move it. That's because solids generally have a high viscosity. They have a high resistance to flow. They don't want to move unless you make them move. Right? So when we take a look at our 3 phases of matter, keep in mind their shape and volume in terms of a container, their viscosity, as well as their compressibility.
States of Matter Example 1
Video transcript
Here it states an unknown substance has a volume of 12.1 liters, and upon quadrupling the pressure, the volume remains unchanged, which helps in determining the likely physical state of the unknown. The choices are solid, liquid, gas, or neutron. Well, here, a neutron is not one of our physical states of matter, so we can eliminate that option. That means our answer is either a, b, or c. Here, they're telling us that we're quadrupling the pressure, and the volume doesn't change at all. Remember, gases are highly compressible. Thus, changing the pressure by this much would cause a significant change in the volume of the gas. Liquids are not as compressible as gases, but they would also be affected if we quadrupled the pressure. The volume would adjust slightly for liquids. So, it can't be a liquid. It would have to be a solid. Solids themselves are not compressible in terms of applying pressure to them. The volume more or less would stay the same. So here, out of all our options, option a is the correct answer.
Which of the following choices will have the lowest observed viscosity?
Nitric acid, which is used in the production of fertilizers, plastics and dyes, has a melting point of – 42ºC and a boiling point of 83ºC. Determine its physical state at a temperature of 110ºC.
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