So remember, type 2 metals are metals that possess multiple charges. Now we're going to say most transition metals have varying positive charges because of their electron arrangements around the nucleus. Now, there's going to be more advanced explanations for this later on, but we'll discuss them in much later chapters. So just remember, when it comes to type 2 metals, a majority of them are the transition metals. They have multiple charges. So here if we take a look, we have some of the most common types of transition metals, and what we need to realize is that although many of them have multiple charges, there are quite a few that do possess only one charge. So, for example, scandium, which is in group 3 or 3b, it's plus 3, and there are some similar chemical properties going on for elements within that group. Because scandium is plus 3, that means the other metals that are in this group with it are also plus 3. But then, of course, when you look at other transition metals, you're going to see a bunch of charges like, manganese, for example, could be plus 2, plus 3, plus 4, plus 5, or even plus 7. Now the way we can tell which one of these charges manganese will have will be dependent on the other element it's connected to. We'll learn about that later on. But just realize here that these transition metals are called transition metals because they have a bunch of possible charges. Now, besides the elements in group 3b or 3, we also have silver, cadmium, and zinc. Although they're transition metals as well, they also have only one particular charge. So silver when it's an ion, it's going to be plus 1. Cadmium and zinc, they're both in the same group again, so they're going to be similar to each other. Both of them will be plus 2 when they do have a charge. So again, transition metals, a lot of them have multiple possible charges, and because of that, they're characterized as being type 2 metals. Some of the transition metals, the ones in red, they possess only one charge. They are transition metals, but they're not type 2 metals because they don't have multiple charges. So keep this in mind when we're confronting different types of transition metals. Some have the potential to have multiple charges.
Periodic Table: Transition Metal Charges - Video Tutorials & Practice Problems
Transition Metal Charges can vary because of their electron arrangements around the nucleus.
Transition Metal Charges
Periodic Table: Transition Metals Charges Concept 1
Video transcript
Periodic Table: Transition Metals Charges Example 1
Video transcript
So if we look at this example question, it says predict the major charge of an ion if it were discovered to be in period 10, group 3 b. Alright. So something that might jump out at you when you look at this question is the fact that we're talking about a period 10 element. But we know that when we look at a periodic table, there's only 7 rows. So our periodic tables only go up to period 7. So where is this period 10 coming from? Well, remember that I discussed earlier that the periodic table is dynamic. It changes over time because we are either going to discover new elements or create new elements. The number of rows will over time increase, so there is a chance that we will create an element, or maybe there's an element that already exists that is located in period 10. But that's not the important part of this question. The important part is the group that it's in. It's in group 3 b. So remember we talked about this up above, group 3 b, this contains the element scandium, and it has a charge of plus 3. And we said that there's something special about that group 3 b. The other metals in that group would also possess a charge of plus 3. So here, that would mean that option e would be my correct choice. So remember, a lot of the transition metals have multiple charges, but there are some patterns that we can observe when looking at different transition metals, one of them being elements from group 3 b having a charge of plus 3.
What is the likely charge of the element with an atomic number of 47?
How many electrons would the cadmium ion possess?