Multiple Choice
Which of the following is the most important factor in determining how an atom will bond?
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10. Periodic Properties of the Elements
Valence Electrons of Elements
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Which of the following atoms can expand its valence shell when bonding?
A
P (phosphorus)
B
O (oxygen)
C
N (nitrogen)
D
C (carbon)
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of valence shell expansion: Atoms in period 3 or higher of the periodic table can have more than 8 electrons in their valence shell due to the availability of d orbitals. This allows them to 'expand' their octet when forming bonds.
Identify the period of each element: Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), and Oxygen (O) are in period 2, while Phosphorus (P) is in period 3.
Recall that elements in period 2 cannot expand their valence shell beyond 8 electrons because they lack accessible d orbitals.
Recognize that Phosphorus, being in period 3, has empty 3d orbitals that can accommodate extra electrons, allowing it to expand its valence shell when bonding.
Conclude that among the given atoms, only Phosphorus (P) can expand its valence shell during bonding.
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