Which of the following best describes the difference between a theory and a hypothesis in the context of atomic theory?

• A. A theory is always less reliable than a hypothesis.
• B. A theory is a simple guess, while a hypothesis is a proven fact.
• C. A theory is a well-supported explanation based on evidence, while a hypothesis is a testable prediction that has not yet been extensively validated.
• D. A theory and a hypothesis are both untested ideas with no supporting evidence.

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the definitions of 'hypothesis' and 'theory' in scientific terms. A hypothesis is an initial, testable prediction or explanation that can be investigated through experiments or observations.
2. Step 2: Recognize that a theory is a broader, well-substantiated explanation that integrates and explains a wide range of observations and experimental results.
3. Step 3: Note that a hypothesis is often the starting point in the scientific method, while a theory is developed after extensive testing and validation of multiple hypotheses.
4. Step 4: Compare the reliability and evidence supporting each: hypotheses are tentative and require testing, whereas theories have strong supporting evidence and are widely accepted within the scientific community.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the best description is that a theory is a well-supported explanation based on evidence, while a hypothesis is a testable prediction that has not yet been extensively validated.