Which subatomic particles are directly involved in forming chemical bonds?

• A. Protons
• B. Electrons
• C. Neutrons
• D. Quarks

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that chemical bonds form due to interactions between atoms, specifically involving particles that can be shared or transferred.
2. Recall that protons are located in the nucleus and determine the element's identity but do not participate directly in bonding.
3. Recognize that neutrons, also in the nucleus, contribute to atomic mass but do not affect chemical bonding.
4. Identify that electrons, especially those in the outermost shell (valence electrons), are the particles that interact to form chemical bonds.
5. Conclude that quarks are fundamental particles inside protons and neutrons and are not involved in chemical bonding at the atomic level.