Why do atoms share electrons in covalent bonds?

• A. To decrease their atomic mass
• B. To increase their atomic number
• C. To form ionic compounds
• D. To achieve a stable electron configuration similar to noble gases

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that atoms form bonds to achieve greater stability, which is often related to having a full outer electron shell, similar to the electron configuration of noble gases.
2. Recognize that covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, allowing each atom to count the shared electrons toward completing its valence shell.
3. Recall that atoms do not share electrons to change their atomic mass or atomic number, as these properties are determined by the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, which remain unchanged during bonding.
4. Note that ionic compounds form through the transfer of electrons, not sharing, so covalent bonding is distinct from ionic bonding.
5. Conclude that atoms share electrons in covalent bonds primarily to achieve a stable electron configuration, often resembling that of the nearest noble gas, which leads to lower energy and greater stability.