Which subatomic particles that make up an atom are directly involved in nuclear reactions?

• A. Protons and electrons
• B. Electrons only
• C. Neutrons and electrons
• D. Protons and neutrons

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that nuclear reactions involve changes in the nucleus of an atom, where protons and neutrons reside.
2. Recall that electrons orbit the nucleus and are primarily involved in chemical reactions, not nuclear reactions.
3. Recognize that protons determine the element's identity, and neutrons contribute to the stability of the nucleus.
4. In nuclear reactions, protons and neutrons can be added, removed, or rearranged, leading to changes in the nucleus and sometimes the element itself.
5. Therefore, the subatomic particles directly involved in nuclear reactions are protons and neutrons.