Which of the following is one component of John Dalton's atomic theory?

• A. Atoms of different elements have identical properties.
• B. All matter is composed of indivisible atoms.
• C. Electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed paths.
• D. Atoms can be created or destroyed in chemical reactions.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Review John Dalton's atomic theory, which was proposed in the early 19th century as a foundational model for understanding matter at the atomic level.
2. Recall that one of Dalton's key postulates is that all matter is composed of indivisible particles called atoms, which cannot be created, destroyed, or divided further by chemical means.
3. Understand that Dalton's theory states atoms of different elements have different properties, not identical properties, so the first option is incorrect.
4. Recognize that the idea of electrons orbiting the nucleus in fixed paths is part of the Bohr model, which came much later and is not part of Dalton's theory.
5. Note that Dalton's theory also states atoms cannot be created or destroyed in chemical reactions, so the option stating atoms can be created or destroyed is incorrect.