How does the periodic table organize elements with similar chemical properties?

• A. Elements with similar properties are placed diagonally across the table.
• B. Elements with similar properties are arranged in vertical columns called groups or families.
• C. Elements with similar properties are arranged in horizontal rows called periods.
• D. Elements with similar properties are randomly distributed throughout the table.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that the periodic table is designed to organize elements based on their chemical properties and atomic structure.
2. Recognize that elements with similar chemical properties are grouped together in vertical columns called groups or families.
3. Know that each group contains elements that have the same number of valence electrons, which largely determines their chemical behavior.
4. Note that horizontal rows in the periodic table are called periods, and they represent elements with increasing atomic number but do not necessarily share similar chemical properties.
5. Conclude that the correct organization for elements with similar chemical properties is in vertical columns (groups or families), not diagonally, horizontally, or randomly.