According to the collision theory, which of the following is necessary for a chemical reaction to occur between two molecules?

• A. The molecules must have the same mass.
• B. The molecules must be in the solid state.
• C. The molecules must have identical electron configurations.
• D. The molecules must collide with sufficient energy and proper orientation.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that collision theory explains how chemical reactions occur at the molecular level by focusing on collisions between reactant molecules.
2. Recognize that for a reaction to happen, molecules must collide; however, not all collisions lead to a reaction.
3. Identify two key conditions for a successful reaction according to collision theory: the molecules must collide with sufficient energy to overcome the activation energy barrier, and they must have the proper orientation during the collision to allow bonds to break and form.
4. Note that factors like having the same mass, being in the solid state, or having identical electron configurations are not requirements for a reaction to occur according to collision theory.
5. Conclude that the essential requirement is that molecules collide with enough energy and the correct orientation to result in a chemical reaction.